不同酸泡菜中产细菌素植物乳杆菌的筛选

从6种泡菜中分离出217株乳杆菌,通过琼脂点扩散交叉拮抗试验,筛选出发酵液有抑菌作用的12株植物乳杆菌。排除了酸、过氧化氢的作用后,7株的离心发酵液对来自于甘蓝泡菜的1株植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum 96D 仍有抑菌活性,用胰蛋白酶对其处理后抑菌活性丧失,说明它们产生的抑菌物质是细菌素。其中 G_6,G_8,G_9和 H_(16)菌株抑菌效果较显著。     

Effects of the probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus, on the growth performance, haematology parameters and immunoglobulin concentration in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) fingerling

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of the probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus , on the growth performance, haematology parameters and immunoglobulin concentration in African catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerling. Two experimental diets were formulated to contain 35 g kg⁻¹ crude protein and 10 g kg⁻¹ lipids accordingly and fed three times daily for 12 weeks to 25 C. gariepinus fingerlings per fibreglass tank in 12 replicates each. The control diet was prepared with no probiotic supplementation whereas the second diet was prepared supplemented with a probiotic, L. acidophilus , containing about 3.01 × 10⁷ colonies/g of diet. The results show that growth performance [specific growth rate (SGR) and relative growth rate (RGR)], nutrient utilization [protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)] and survival were significantly ( P <0.05) higher in fish maintained on the probiotic-supplemented diet compared with those on the control diet. Haematology parameters (packed cell volume, haemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, red blood cell and white blood cell, total serum protein, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, glucose and cholesterol) and total immunoglobulin concentrations were also significantly better in fish fed the probiotic-supplemented diet than in the control. Although the water quality parameters monitored were better in the fish fed the probiotic-supplemented diet than in the control, the parameters were not significantly different ( P >0.05). From the results of this experiment, we conclude that L. acidophilus can be used as a probiotic agent in African catfish culture, to enhance fish health, survival and better feed efficiency and growth performance.     

Bacterial population in intestines of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei fed a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum and galactooligosaccharide

The aims of this study were to unravel the intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei after being fed a diet without (control) or with the synbiotic (SYN) for 60 days using next‐generation sequencing technology to see if changes in the intestinal microbiota were involved in the improved growth performance and health status of the shrimp. Next‐generation sequencing data showed that six phyla, 11 classes, 19 orders, 30 families, 58 genera and 73 species with taxonomic names assigned were detected. The majority of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was shared between the SYN and control shrimp and comprised 37 OTUs. However, intestinal biodiversity analyses revealed that SYN‐fed shrimp had a higher species richness, evenness and Shannon–Weaver index than did shrimp fed the control diet, but without reaching statistical significance. Interestingly, shrimp fed the SYN diet exhibited improved colonization of Lactobacillus plantarum and reduced prevalences of Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae in the intestines. These findings indicate that the SYN was able to modulate the intestinal bacterial community of shrimp and could be used to control vibriosis in shrimp.     

复合乳酸菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胃肠道pH、肠道形态和盲肠微生物的影响

本研究旨在探究复合乳酸菌制剂(CLP)对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、组织器官指数、胃肠道pH、肠道形态以及盲肠微生物数量的影响.选取1日龄体重相近、健康状况良好的黄羽肉鸡母鸡2100只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复70只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg的恩拉霉素,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加...     

兰州百合粗低聚糖对嗜热链球菌ATCC-14485和保加利亚乳杆菌ATCC-11842产酸及增殖的影响

益生元在促进益生菌生长、调节肠道微生态平衡方面发挥着重要作用。为探究兰州百合粗低聚糖（crude lily oligosaccharides, CLOs）的益生元特性,以兰州百合干为原料,提取、表征CLOs;以低聚果糖和菊粉作为阳性对照,测定CLOs在人工胃肠溶液的水解度,以及对嗜热链球菌ATCC-14485和保加利亚乳杆菌ATCC-11842的产酸、增殖作用的影响。结果表明：CLOs分子量为1 194 Da,主要由甘露糖、阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为1:3.57:16.40;CLOs经人工胃肠溶液消化后水解度是26.96%,显著低于菊粉（P <0.05）;CLOs促进乳酸菌发酵产酸的效果显著优于菊粉和低聚果糖（P <0.05）;当CLOs的添加量为1.0%(W/V)时,能有效促进嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的增殖,并减缓二者在货架期的死亡速率。研究结果说明CLOs具有益生元特性,可为新型共生发酵乳的研发提供理论依据。     

接种乳酸菌风干香肠脂肪及游离脂肪酸变化规律

将乳酸菌 ( L plantarum )接种到肠馅中 ,按着我国风干香肠传统工艺生产 ,在风干过程中测定脂肪及游离脂肪酸变化。结果表明 ,添加乳酸菌的香肠脂肪含量略低 ,酸价高 ,说明添加乳酸菌能促进脂肪分解 ;另外游离脂肪酸含量增高 ,尤其是 C18∶ 1和 C16∶ 0 两种脂肪酸含量明显增多 ,而 C18∶ 2 则略低 ,可能是 C18∶ 2 进一步参加反应的结果     

The effects of diet supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus on tissue parameters of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

This study was carried out to establish the effects of a 6 week treatment with the diet supplemented with L. rhamnosus in concentrations of 10⁷ CFU g^?1 (G1 group) and 10⁸ CFU g^?1 (G2 group) on the condition expressed by condition factors (Fulton's, Clark's and B), intestinal microbiology, haematological, histological and selected antioxidative parameters of rainbow trout. A significantly higher condition factors were found in G1 group indicating that higher concentration of probiotic (10⁸ CFU g^?1) did not result in the better condition. Cholesterol and urea levels were significantly higher in both G1 and G2 groups, albumin in G1 and creatinine in G2 group with respect to control. A significantly higher liver TBARS level was observed in G2 group. The feeding with supplemented probiont apparently changed the resident microbiota. Three weeks after withdrawal of the supplemented feed, the microflora mostly reverted to the control composition, although L. rhamnosus in faecal matter of fish remained inherent. The epithelial structure of the proximal and distal intestine revealed the increased absorptive area in both treated groups, as well as the increase in the mucin‐secreting goblet cells. The L. rhamnosus‐treated groups demonstrated the capacity for the augmentation of the innate host defence.     

饲喂乳杆菌雏鸡对鸡白痢菌感染的影响

雏鸡饲喂乳杆菌培养物后,人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌,观察雏鸡盲肠主要正常菌群定植及雏鸡抵抗力情况。研究结果表明：人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌后,饲喂乳杆菌组同未饲喂乳杆菌组相比,雏鸡盲肠内正常菌群有一定变化,大肠杆菌数明显降低（Ｐ＜００１）,双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数明显增加（Ｐ＜００１）,而且死亡率降低２０％。     

鲢鱼加工副产物的酶解产物对益生菌生长特性的影响

为探索鲢鱼加工副产物高值化利用新途径,降低益生菌培养基氮源成本,以氮回收率和相对分子质量分布为指标,研究3种蛋白酶(中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶)水解鲢鱼加工副产物不同时间(0.25、0.5、1、2、3和4 h)得到的水解物性质的差异;以鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG(Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG)和嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM(Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM)的生长曲线、比生长速率和菌落总数为指标,研究鲢鱼加工副产物水解物替代MRS(deMan,Rogosa,Sharpe)培养基氮源对益生菌生长繁殖的影响。结果表明:1)木瓜蛋白酶对鲢鱼加工副产物具有更好的水解效果,具体表现为木瓜蛋白酶水解物的氮回收率在各时间点均显著高于中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶水解物(P<0.05),且木瓜蛋白酶2、3和4 h水解物中相对分子质量<1 000的小分子肽含量显著高于其他水解物(P<0.05);2)中性蛋白酶1和4 h水解物,碱性蛋白酶2 h水解物,木瓜蛋白酶1和4 h水解物替代MRS培养基75%氮源时,鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG的比生长速率显著高于对照组(MRS培养基)(P<0.05);3)木瓜蛋白酶1 h水解物替代MRS培养基75%氮源时,嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM的生长曲线、比生长速率、在600 nm的最大吸光度和菌落总数均显著高于对照组(MRS培养基)(P<0.05)。综上,鲢鱼加工副产物经中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶酶解后有望用于替代益生菌培养基氮源,促进益生菌生长繁殖,实现其高值化利用。     

食淀粉乳杆菌干预PRV GDNF和GSNO的ZO-1调控

为探究食淀粉乳杆菌在猪轮状病毒(PRV)感染乳鼠空肠组织中GSNO及GDNF对紧密连接蛋白ZO-1的影响,选择2日龄清洁级中国昆明鼠乳鼠作为试验动物,分为5组,正常对照组、轮状病毒组(RV组)、食淀粉乳杆菌组(L.a组)、预防性干预组(BI组)、治疗性干预组(AI组).空肠组织作为靶器官,分别应用实时荧光定量PCR检测GDNF和ZO-1 mRNA相对表达量,采用比色法检测抗氧化指标(NO、GSH、SOD、MDA、GSH-Px、CAT),通过ELISA定量检测GSNO和5-HT含量,Western blot检测ZO-1、GDNF、GFAP蛋白含量变化,免疫组化检测ZO-1蛋白分布表达变化.结果表明,食淀粉乳杆菌可显著上调ZO-1和GDNF mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),RV组、BI组和AI组ZO-1和GDNF的mRNA相对表达量变化趋势相似,先升后降.攻毒后各时间点,L.a组5-HT含量均显著高于其他组(P<0.05),RV组5-HT含量高于对照组,低于BI组和AI组;L.a组GSNO含量均显著高于其他组(P<0.05),RV组、BI组和AI组GSNO含量整体变化趋势相似,均是先升后降;对于ZO-1、GFAP、GDNF蛋白表达,整体趋势相似,在攻毒后第2、3天表达量较显著,L.a组ZO-1和GFAP蛋白表达量比其他4组高,AI组GDNF蛋白表达量比其他4组高.免疫组化结果表明,L.a组ZO-1蛋白分布比对照组更连续均匀,BI组ZO-1蛋白分布较RV组更连续,AI组与RV组无明显差异.RV组NO含量和MDA含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),L.a组NO和MDA含量保持不变,BI组和AI组NO和MDA含量高于L.a组,低于RV组;L.a组CAT、SOD、GSH、GSH-Px含量均高于其他组,BI组和AI组CAT、SOD、GSH、GSH-Px含量整体变化趋势一致,先降后升,且高于RV组.可知,食淀粉乳杆菌通过上调GDNF和GSNO表达和增强乳鼠空肠抗氧化能力,共同促进ZO-1表达,使其在乳鼠空肠上更均匀连续,显著提高乳鼠空肠细胞屏障强度,干预轮状病毒感染.